![]() However, they can also be used by cybercriminals to execute operating system commands on hosts protected from incoming connections by a firewall or other network security systems. Reverse shells are often the only way to perform remote maintenance on hosts behind a NAT, so they have legitimate administrative uses. But what if the remote host is not directly accessible, for example because it has no public IP or is protected by a firewall? In this situation, a reverse shell might be used, where the target machine initiates an outgoing connection to a listening network host and a shell session is established. To establish a typical remote shell, a machine controlled by the attacker connects to a remote network host and requests a shell session – this is called a bind shell. Let’s see how reverse shells work in practice and what you can do to prevent them. ![]() A reverse shell (also called a connect-back shell) can also be the only way to gain remote shell access across a NAT or firewall. Attackers who successfully exploit a remote command execution vulnerability can use a reverse shell to obtain an interactive shell session on the target machine and continue their attack. ![]() A reverse shell is a shell session established on a connection that is initiated from a remote machine, not from the local host. ![]()
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